ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The immune system plays a pivotal role in disease resolution but can also be detrimental to the clinical outcome in case of unbalanced immune activation. In this study, we have focused on the parallel expression of IL-6, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, and IL-10, an important regulator of the immune response, in COVID-19 patients. Using bead-based multiplex immunoassay technology we compared the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in 47 COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, or severe disease. The serum concentrations of both cytokines were significantly elevated in patients with severe COVID-19, and there was a significant positive correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 in the moderate and severe groups (R=0.6;p< 0.001). Our observations support that IL-6 is one of the driving forces for the cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 while the immunosuppressive properties of IL-10 in severe disease act as a hindrance to viral clearance.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the polarization of peripheral blood macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocyte (PBMC) thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nuc1eotide-binding oligo-merization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) mRNA changes in patients with hepatitis B virus acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV- ACLF). Methods 57 patients with HBV-ACLF and 43 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled in our hospital between June 2019 and June 2020, and the percentages of peripheral blood M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. The PBMC TXNIP, NLRP3 and cysteine protease-l (caspase- 1) mRNA were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantification RT-PCR. Serum interleukin-6 (1L) -6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were detected by ELISA. Results: The percentage of M1 macrophages and M1/M2 cell ratio in patients with HBV-ACLF were (3.5..0.4) % and (1.2..0.2), significantly higher than [(2.1..0.2) % and (0.6..0.1), P < 0.05], while the percentage of M2 macrophages was (2.5..0.3) %, significantly lower than [(4.1..0.4) %, P < 0.05] in patients with CHB;serum IL-6 and TNF-a in patients with HBV- ACLF were (37.9..4.2) ng/L and (2.3..0.2) pg/mL, significantly higher than [(28.8..3.6) ng/L and (1.2..0.1) pg/mL, respectivley, P < 0.05], while serum IL-10 level was (1.410.2) pg/mL, significantly lower than [(2.9..0.3) pg/mL, P < 0.05] in patients with CHB;the PBMCs NLRP3, TXNIP and caspase-1 mRNA in patients with HBV-ACLF were (0.5..0.1), (0.7..0.1) and (1.2..0.1), all significantly lower than [(08..02), (1.0..01) and (1.6..0.2), respectively, P< 0.05] in patients with CHB;the percentage of PBMC M1 macrophages in 15 dead patients was (4.1..0.4) %, significantly higher than [(3.3..0.3) %, P < 0.05], while the percentage of M2 macrophages, PBMCS NLRP3 and TXNIP mRNA were (1.9..0.2) %, (0.2..0.1) and (0.4..0.1), significantly lower than [(2.7..0.3) %, (0.6..0.1) and (0.8..0.1), respectively, 3P < 0.05] in 42 survivals. Conclusion The peripheral blood macrophages are polarized in the pro-inflammatory direction and the down-regulation of TXNIP and NLRP3 mRNA might be related to immunosuppression in patients With HBV-ACLF.
ABSTRACT
As of January, 2021, nearly 2-million deaths worldwide have been attributed to COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Much of the mortality has been associated with a cytokine storm syndrome in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia. The aims of this study are to estimate the severity of disease among patients from COVID-19 units in Diyala province and to estimate serum cytokines levels of interleukin-10, Interleukine-6 and Interferon gamma among studied patient groups. The data accumulated throughout this selective case control study which were extended from September 1st, 2020, to December 1st, 2020. A total of 176 human serum samples were collected, and subdivided into four groups moderate, sever, critical and control, each group comprised of 44 individuals. Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-20 (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences- version 20). The results revealed that the rate of infection with COVID-19 is higher in male (65.1%) than female (34.8%). The result of cytokines showed highly significant increase in the mean of interleukin-10 and interferon gamma and significant increase in interlukin-6 in patients with Covid-19 when compared to the control group, p-value = 0,000, p-value = 0.003, p-value = 0.016, respectively. The comparison of cytokine results among Covid-19 patients revealed that the Interleukin-10 showed significant increase in critical group when compared with moderate group p-value = 0.041, but don't showed any significant differences when compared the sever group with critical, and moderate groups p-value = 0.643 and p-value = 0.114, respectively. Interleukin-6 showed highly significant differences it is increased in critical group compared with moderate group and also increase compared to in severe group pvalue = 0.003, p-value = 0.013, respectively. While interleukin-6 showed no significant differences between severe and moderate groups p-value = 0.616. Interferon gamma showed no significant differences among moderate, severe and critical groups p-value = 0.527, p-value = 895, p-value = 447, respectively. In conclusions, there's a significant association in disease severity and elevated of circulating levels of cytokines Interleukine-10 and Interleukine-6, the rate of infection with COVID-19 is higher in male than female.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze clinical features of cured patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), and summarize experience, in order to guide epidemic prevention work.